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(詳細はCarl Linnaeus described the Amphibia as: Animals that are distinguished by a body cold and generally naked; stern and expressive countenance; harsh voice; mostly lurid color; filthy odor; a few are furnished with a horrid poison; all have cartilaginous bones, slow circulation, exquisite sight and hearing, large pulmonary vessels, lobate liver, oblong thick stomach, and cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts: they are deficient in diaphragm, do not transpire (sweat), can live a long time without food, are tenatious of life, and have the power of reproducing parts which have been destroyed or lost; some undergo a metamorphosis; some cast (shed) their skin; some appear to live promiscuously on land or in the water, and some are torpid during the winter. Linnaean Characteristics 〔 *Heart: 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood *Lungs: breaths uncertainly *Jaw: incumbent *Penis: (frequently) double *Eggs: (usually) membranaceous *Organs of Sense: tongue, nostrils, eyes, ears *Covering: a naked skin *Supports: various, in some none. Creeps in Warm Places & Hisses Linnaeus often regarded reptiles within the amphibian class because living in Sweden, he often noticed that the local reptiles (examples include the common adder and grass snake) would hunt and be active in the water. In the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', Linnaeus included several species of fishes (that do not belong the superclass Osteichthyes) into the amphibian class. It was not until later on that he would merge them into the Fish class and give them their own new order "Chondropterygious", defining them as species ''with cartilaginous gills''. Linnaeus divided the amphibians based upon the limb structures and the way they breathed.〔http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/8238/1/SHIS_100.pdf〕 == Reptiles == ; ''Testudo'' (turtles & tortoises) *''Testudo mydas'' – Green sea turtle *''Testudo caretta'' – Loggerhead sea turtle 〔 *''Testudo orbicularis'' & ''Testudo lutaria'' – European pond turtle 〔 *''Testudo scabra'' – Spot-legged turtle *''Testudo graeca'' & ''Testudo pusilla'' – Spur-thighed tortoise 〔 *''Testudo carolina'' & ''Testudo carinata'' – Eastern box turtle 〔 *''Testudo geometrica'' – Geometric tortoise 〔 *''Testudo serpentina'' – Common snapping turtle 〔 ; ''Draco'' (gliding lizards) *''Draco volans'' – ''Draco volans'', Flying Dragon ; ''Lacerta'' (terrestrial lizards, salamanders, & crocodilians) *''Lacerta crocodilus'' – ''Caiman crocodilus'', Spectacled Caiman *''Lacerta caudiverbera'' – () 〔 *''Lacerta superciliosa'' – ''Uranoscodon superciliosa'' 〔 *''Lacerta scutata'' – ''Lyriocephalus scutatus'' 〔 *''Lacerta monitor'' – () 〔 *''Lacerta principalis'' – Carolina Anole 〔〕 *''Lacerta bicarinata'' – ''Neusticurus bicarinatus'' 〔 *''Lacerta palustris'', ''Lacerta vulgaris'', & ''Lacerta aquatica'' – ''Lissotriton vulgaris'', Smooth Newt 〔 *''Lacerta cordylus'' – ''Cordylus cordylus'' 〔 *''Lacerta stellio'' – ''Laudakia stellio'' 〔 *''Lacerta mauritanica'' – ''Tarentola mauritanica'', European Common Gecko 〔 *''Lacerta azurea'' – ''Uracentron azureum'' 〔 *''Lacerta turcica'' – ''Hemidactylus turcicus'', Mediterranean house gecko 〔 *''Lacerta ameiva'' – ''Ameiva ameiva'', Giant Ameiva 〔 *''Lacerta agilis'' – ''Lacerta agilis'', Sand Lizard 〔 *''Lacerta algira'' – ''Psammodromus algirus'', Large Psammodromus 〔 *''Lacerta seps'' – ''Tetradactylus seps'' 〔 *''Lacerta angulata'' – ''Alopoglossus angulatus'' 〔 *''Lacerta chamaeleon'' – ''Chamaeleo chamaeleon'', Common Chameleon 〔 *''Lacerta salamandra'' – Fire Salamander 〔 *''Lacerta gecko'' – ''Gekko gecko'', Tokay gecko 〔 *''Lacerta scincus'' – ''Scincus scincus'', Sandfish 〔 *''Lacerta hispida'' – ''Agama hispida'' 〔 *''Lacerta orbicularis'' – ''Phrynosoma orbiculare'', Mexican Plateau Horned Lizard 〔 *''Lacerta basiliscus'' – ''Basiliscus basiliscus'', Common basilisk 〔 *''Lacerta iguana'' – ''Iguana iguana'', Green Iguana 〔 *''Lacerta calotes'' – ''Calotes calotes'', Common Green Forest Lizard 〔 *''Lacerta agama'' – ''Agama agama'', Rock Agama 〔 *''Lacerta umbra'' – ''Plica umbra'' 〔 *''Lacerta plica'' – ''Plica plica'' 〔 *''Lacerta marmorata'' – ''Polychrus marmorata'' 〔 *''Lacerta bullaris'' – Jamaican Giant Anole *''Lacerta strumosa'' – (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/nomen oblitum" TITLE="nomen oblitum">nomen oblitum'' ) for ''Anolis lineatus'' Daudin, 1802 〔 *''Lacerta teguixin'' – ''Tupinambis teguixin'', Gold tegu 〔 *''Lacerta aurata'' *''Lacerta punctata'' – ''Lygosoma punctatum'' 〔 *''Lacerta lemniscata'' – ''Cnemidophorus lemniscatus'', Rainbow Whiptail 〔 *''Lacerta fasciata'' – ''Plestiodon fasciatus'', Five-lined Skink 〔 *''Lacerta lineata'' – ''Gymnophthalmus lineatus'' 〔 *''Lacerta chalcides'' – ''Chalcides chalcides'', Three-toed Skink 〔 *''Lacerta anguina'' – ''Chamaesaura anguina'', Cape Grass Lizard 〔 ; ''Rana'' (frogs & toads) *''Rana pipa'' – ''Pipa pipa'', Suriname Toad *''Rana bufo'', ''Rana rubeta'', & ''Rana ventricosa'' – ''Bufo bufo'', Common Toad *''Rana gibbosa'' – ''Breviceps gibbosus'', Cape Rain Frog *''Rana variegata'' – ''Bombina variegata'', yellow-bellied toad *''Rana marina'' – ''Bufo marinus'', cane toad *''Rana typhonia'' – (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/nomen oblitum" TITLE="nomen oblitum">nomen oblitum'' ) for ''Hoplobatrachus tigerinus'' (Daudin, 1802), Indian bullfrog *''Rana ocellata'' – ''Leptodactylus ocellatus'' *''Rana cornuta'' – ''Ceratophrys cornuta'', Surinam horned frog *''Rana marginata'' – (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/nomen dubium" TITLE="nomen dubium">nomen dubium'' ) *''Rana paradoxa'' – ''Pseudis paradoxa'', paradoxical frog *''Rana temporaria'' – ''Rana temporaria'', Common Frog, and ''Rana arvalis'', Moor Frog *''Rana esculenta'' – ''Rana esculenta'', Edible Frog *''Rana arborea'' & ''Rana hyla'' – ''Hyla arborea'', European tree frog *''Rana boans'' – ''Hypsiboas boans'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amphibia in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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